Table #2 presents the colony forming units that grew in the four different media. The PDA medium represents the negative control, while, the TSA medium
represents the positive control. P. mirabilis, E. aerogenes, and E. coli show greater numbers of CFUs per culture medium in PGS
than E. faecalis, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. However, the spread plates containing Proteus mirabilis were
contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Therefore, it contains a greater numbers of colony forming units in comparison to the rest of the
microorganisms. The bacterial organism used for the bacterial spread plates were taken from a 1:100,000 dilution in a 0.85 % saline solution.
Studies of human oral and gut bacteria have shown an inhibition of bacterial growth in the presence of sucralose (Young & Bowen, 1990). Daily
consumption of sucralose can reduce the number and the balance of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract by 50 % or more; moreover, bacterial
populations do not return to their original level even after a 3-month recovery period (Schiffman & Rother, 2013). They also observed significant
reduction in the beneficial bacteria with a dose of 1.1 mg a day per kilogram of body weight (Schiffman & Rother, 2013); this corresponds to the
estimated daily intake established by the FDA (FDA, 2006). In principle, a reduction in the beneficial bacteria could cause digestive problems.
Furthermore, if sucralose does inhibit bacterial growth, the type of inhibition would need to be identified as either bactericidal (killing the bacteria)
or bacteriostatic (slowing bacterial metabolism), and the mechanisms of such inhibition should be elucidated. (Young & Bowen, 1990; Lange, Scheurer
& Brauch, 2012; Sang et al., 2013) The bacteriostatic effect may be due to a decrease in sucrose uptake by bacteria exposed to sucralose. Studies
determined that sucralose inhibits invertase and sucrose permease. (Schiffman & Rother, 2013; Lange, Scheurer & Brauch, 2012; Sang et al., 2013)
These enzymes cannot catalyze hydrolysis or be effective in transmembrane transport of the sugar substitute.
Finally, our results suggest that this pilot model could be a relatively simple alternative in experiments in laboratories of biosafety level 1 because of
its basic preparation and easy accessibility. However, more empirical test should made with a greater number of bacteria to determine the extent of the
possible antibacterial effect of sucralose in the PGS medium. Moreover, to identify the type and mechanism the inhibition of sucralose more experimentation
is required. As a suggestion for future work, probiotic bacteria should use to evaluate a possible inhibitory effect of sucralose over the beneficial
microflora of the intestines.
Notes
[1]
The measurements were taken from the fungus mycelium. Moreover, the formula used was: Growth Diameter = (highest diameter ) X (smallest diameter) / 2
[2]
In the conventional view by statisticians, qualitative methods produce information only on the particular cases studied, and any more general conclusions
are considered propositions. In other words, it deals with descriptions and data that can be observed but not measured.
[3]
Quantitative methods are used to seek empirical support for since it deals with numbers and data can be measured.
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